Improved kiln for revivifying bone-black



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JOHN OTTO DONNER, CF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

Letters Patent N 96,899, dated November 16, 1869.

IMPRovED KILN Fon REVIVIFYING BONE-BLACK.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent angl making part 0f the same;

To all whom fit may concern Beit known that I, J ons Or'ro Dessen, of Jersey City, in the county of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have invent-ed a new and useful Improvement in Kilns for Revivifying Animal Charcoal, of which the following is a full, clear, andy exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 represents a transverse section of a kiln constructed iu accordance with my improvement, said section being taken as indicated by the irregular line a: :c n1

Figure 2, which represents a horizontal section of the same, taken as denoted by the irregular line y y in tig. 1; v

Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section,`taken centrally through any of the several fire-places ofthe kiln; and

Figure 4,'a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of

-a detached portion, showing the manner in which the retorts are supported and fitted at their tops, and provision made for their expansion and contraction.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures.

In kilns as ordinarily constructed for revivifying animal charcoal, a single large fire has been used, around which are arranged a series of upright clay` or iron pipes, of oval shape in their transverse section, and set with their edge or narrow side toward the tire.

lhe charcoal to be reburnt is fed into these pipes or retorts from above, and drawn off as revivifled from below. f

To such. construction of kiln there are several objections.

T-hus, a single large fire involves heavy and constant labor, as regards attention, and there is considerable waste of fuel by having the fire in a single large room or space, that causes the heat to pass out of the kiln at a high temperature.

Again, the position of the rctorts, with their narrow sides to the lire, produces an uneven heating of the same and charcoal contained in them, and when said pipes or retorts are of iron causes them vto warp, while if made altogether of clay, they are liable to crack, and suoli material being a bad conductor of heat, there is a great waste of fuel.

These several objections are obviated by my improved kiln, in which the one large fire is broken up into a series of smaller tires, that are easily attended to. The pipes or ret-erts also, which are of iron, are arranged with their broad sides to the lire, thereby securing a more even heat; likewise the tires are enclosed o1' coveredin by lire-brick arches, provided with a series of apertures, through which the heat passes to act iu a diffused manner upon the retorts, thereby protecting the latter against the direct action of the tire; and, furthermore, the kiln is divided by 'clay plates or tiles into a series of stories, through the whole length of which' the heat is made to pass beforel leaving the kiln, thus ecouoniizing the fuel to a large extent.

These numerous advantages are obtained by the special construction and arrangement ofthe supporting-beams, pipes, or retorts, and braces of the kiln, l

which allow for the expansion of the heated parts and easy removal of burnt out pipes and plates.

Referring to the accompanying drawing- A A represent a series of lire-places, of which there may be'any suitable number' arranged side by side, and covered in by fire-brick arches B B, which extend over and in rear of the fire-places, and are formed with a series of apertures, a a, through them for passage of the heated gases or air, rst 'into one story, C, and afterward into an upper story, I), and subsequently, it may be, into a third story, E, and so on for any number ofstories, the circulation or passage of the gaseous products of combustion being kept up by a series of return courses, so that the travel is throughout thelength of the several stories.

F represents the final outlet or escape to the chimney. v

rlhe several stories C, D, and E, are formed by clay plates G G, arranged to rest on horizontal cross-beams H H, that are supported by tuprights I-I, and sides J, to an interior lining of the kiln, all of winch may be ot' fire-clay.

K is an outer brick-work, thaty may be of ordinary clay, with air-spaces between itand-the inner lining.

Arranged between theiires, and dividing these several stories vertically, are the iron pipes or l'etorts L L, of oblong form in their transverse section, and titting down or between the uprights I I, so as to present their broad sides to the action ofthe heated gases and air as the same are circulated or pass through the several stories.

rlhese ret-orts, into which the charcoal to be treated is fed at their tops and drawn ofi' on opening suitable gates through cooling-pipes connected with them below, may be made in two or more lengths in socket lit with each other, and their lower ends made to enter hollow or socket beams yM M.:

The upper ends of said retorts have also a socketed fit within beams N N, which are constructed so as to support the roof to the upper story and have entered down within them and into the top ends of the retort-sfeeding nozzles or thimbles, O O, which serve to make:

tight the joint formed by the free fit of the retorts within the sockets of the beams N.

Every provision is thus made for expansion and contraction of the retorts, as theres also, by their t or ing in strips, as that the retorts may be separatelyy removed, or the oors tothe stories of one fire section be taken out, likewise their supporting beams, without disturbing the others, whenever removal or repair of such parts or devices is necessary.

VVha-t is here claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is-

1. The arrangement, relatively to each other, of a series of lire-places A A, the body of the kiln made up of two or more stories in communication at their ends, so as to form ret-urn dues for the gaseous products of combustion, and the pipes or retorts- L L, substantially as specified.

2. The arches B B, arranged to extend over and in rear cf the dre-places, and provided with distributing lapertures a a, for the heated air and gases through them, in combination witlrthe retorts L L, arranged in relation vto the fire-places A A, essentially as described.

I3. The combination, with the retorts L L, of the beams N N, formed with sockets to receive the upper ends of the retorts, and the feeding nozzles or thimbles O O, substantially as and for the purpose or purposes HENRY T. BROWN, It. E. RABnAU. 

